Multi-Agent Automation of Network Slice Management for Smart Cities

Smart city operations depend on guaranteed connectivity for critical services, but static network allocation creates costly inefficiency and risk. A custom multi-agent orchestration system automates the dynamic management of RAN resources—spectrum, compute, and radio hardware—across multi-tenant slices. This workflow eliminates manual re-prioritization, ensuring public safety units retain bandwidth during an emergency while traffic systems and public Wi-Fi automatically scale down, directly improving municipal response times and operational resilience.

Implementation integrates with municipal command systems, 5G core network functions (NSSF, PCF), and RAN controllers via standardized APIs (O-RAN, 3GPP). The architecture requires a policy-driven digital twin for safe simulation of changes, alongside strict approval gates for slice creation and exception routing to human network operations. This creates a zero-touch, audit-ready system that reduces operational overhead while guaranteeing the performance isolation required for life-critical city services.

This custom workflow automates the critical bottleneck of manually reconfiguring network slices in response to smart city events, such as emergencies or public gatherings. It eliminates the latency and error inherent in human-driven operations, directly improving public service reliability and resource utilization. The architecture ingests real-time triggers from city IoT platforms, traffic cameras, and emergency dispatch systems, translating them into enforceable slice policies that govern spectrum, compute, and radio hardware allocation across the RAN.

Implementation integrates with O-RAN RIC for control and existing OSS/BSS for governance. Each specialized agent operates within a LangGraph-based orchestrator, executing predefined playbooks but capable of negotiating for resources during contention. The system includes mandatory human review gates for SLA breaches and major policy overrides, ensuring municipal oversight. Observability is built into the agent layer, feeding a dashboard for network operations and city management to audit decisions and resource flows in real time.

The operational bottleneck is the manual, reactive re-prioritization of RAN resources during emergencies or city events, leading to service degradation for critical functions. This custom workflow automates slice lifecycle management, enabling dynamic resource guarantees that improve public service reliability and create new municipal revenue streams. The upside comes from reduced operational overhead, improved asset utilization, and the ability to monetize assured connectivity for B2B city services.

Implementation begins with integrating the orchestration engine with city operational systems (SCADA, traffic control) and the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) via standard O-RAN interfaces. Phase 1 deploys the Public Safety agent with strict approval gates, Phase 2 adds Traffic Management with predictive load models, and Phase 3 rolls out the commercial Wi-Fi agent. Controls include human-in-the-loop escalation for resource contention, continuous SLA monitoring via the dashboard, and automated rollback procedures to ensure network stability during rollout.

This workflow automates the dynamic allocation of RAN spectrum and compute resources across competing smart city services, governed by municipal policy. It eliminates manual re-prioritization during emergencies or events, directly improving public service uptime and reducing operational latency. The architecture integrates with city OSS/BSS and public safety systems, using specialized agents for each service slice (e.g., traffic cameras, first responder comms) that negotiate via a central orchestrator, with all decisions logged for audit and compliance.

Operational rollout requires phased deployment, starting with non-critical slices like public Wi-Fi to validate agent logic and integration hooks. Controls include a human-in-the-loop approval gate for policy overrides, real-time SLA dashboards, and automated rollback procedures if KPI thresholds are violated. Implementation integrates with existing RAN Intelligent Controllers (RIC), 5G core policy functions, and city IT service management platforms, ensuring the multi-agent system enhances, rather than disrupts, existing municipal network operations.

This workflow automates the critical bottleneck of manually re-prioritizing network slices for public safety, traffic management, and public Wi-Fi during incidents. The operational upside comes from guaranteed resource availability for first responders and reduced service degradation for citizens, directly impacting public safety outcomes and municipal service reliability. Implementation requires agents integrated with city command centers, traffic SCADA, and public utility systems to interpret emergency declarations and event schedules as triggers for dynamic reallocation.

Architectural credibility demands integration with legacy municipal IT using adapters for systems like SAP, Oracle, and specialized traffic controls, with all agent decisions logged for audit. Controls include real-time SLA monitoring, automated rollback on policy violation, and mandatory human-in-the-loop approval gates for slice creation or major resource shifts. Deployment uses a LangGraph-based orchestrator on city cloud infrastructure, with agents possessing specific permissions to interact only with their assigned domain systems, ensuring governance and mitigating operational risk.