The core problem is spectrum congestion. Satellite downlinks and terrestrial 5G base stations often operate in adjacent or overlapping frequency bands, causing mutual interference that degrades service quality. For a mobile network operator, this means dropped calls and slow data. For a satellite operator, it translates to corrupted data feeds and reduced capacity. This isn't just a technical nuisance—it's a direct threat to service-level agreements (SLAs), customer satisfaction, and revenue.













